Content Syndication Is Your Friend
December 31, 2009, 10:40 amContent duplication has been a buzz topic in SEO for a while now. You can read about it til you puke and never have to leave WebProNews.com. It's one of the modern webmaster's favorite things to fret over and has been for at least two years.
Google doesn't like duplicate content. We all get that now. There is still the lingering...
Liberal Twitter Users Rejoice at Rush Limbaugh's Hospitalization
December 31, 2009, 10:26 amHealth Update from RushLimbaugh.com (1:30 AM EST Thursday)
ALERT: Rush was admitted to a Honolulu hospital today and is resting comfortably after suffering chest pains. Rush appreciates your prayers and well wishes. He will keep you updated via RushLimbaugh.com and on Thursday's radio program.
Original article: Liberal Hate Tweets...
Tips for Promoting Your Online Videos
December 31, 2009, 8:00 amOnline video is an increasingly populur medium from both users' standpoints and business' alike. When done right, it can be a great way to increase engagement and spread brand awareness. It can also be used for search engine optimization purposes. I'm sure you've noticed videos come up in the blended search results for many queries.
WebProNews...
Sphinn Submissions on Holiday for New Year’s Weekend
December 31, 2009, 12:04 amSite announcement about Sphinn submissions closing down for the New Year's weekend. All Sphinn users are encouraged to read this and be aware of the downtime.
Hulu CEO Shares 2009 Stats
December 30, 2009, 5:26 pmHulu had a good 2009, and to celebrate the end of it, the company's CEO, Jason Kilar, has decided to share some stats. Here's a quick hint as to just how successful his organization was: to describe Hulu's growth, the word "double" often doesn't cut it.
In a post on the Hulu Blog, Kilar started off by relaying some data from...
Google to Host Android Announcement Event
December 30, 2009, 2:32 pmGoogle is stirring up buzz to rival Apple’s yearly expectations with an invitation for reporters to an event January 5—yep, just days before the CES show. Apple has made a tradition of big (or not so big) announcements scheduled conveniently upstaging the popular Consumer Electronics Show. So Google will definitely be cutting into the...
Good News For Facebook: Virtual Stuff "To Make Billions"
December 30, 2009, 2:08 pmFacebook - along with a few other social sites and the developers of games for them - may be in for a great few years. Certain experts believe that the business of virtual goods is going to take off in a big and very profitable way.
Here's the opening line of a new article from the BBC: "Virtual goods such as weapons or digital bottles...
Survey: Online Shopping Satisfies; Bigger is Better
December 30, 2009, 10:57 amForeSee Results has issued the results of its annual E-Retailer Satisfaction Index—a survey of 10,000 shoppers at the top 40 retailers—and the results are good—if you’re a big e-tailer. If not, well—let’s just say you’re pulling down the average.
As the Wall Street Journal reports, the 40 largest online...
Google Gets Patent For YouTube Gaming
December 30, 2009, 10:56 amUsing YouTube may become a much less passive experience in the near future. Google's received applied for a patent on a "Web-based system for [the] generation of interactive games based on digital videos," and several facts point to the search giant moving ahead with the idea.
Let's start with an overview of the patent. As...
Google Analytics Adds Annotation Feature
December 30, 2009, 10:51 amGoogle Analytics is one of the most robust offerings by the search giant and it manages to fly under the radar a little bit. It has almost become ubiquitous for a large number of companies that are not prospects for other analytics packages like Omniture, Coremetrics, Webtrends etc. Many will even run it concurrently with these other players that...
Pepsi Shifting NFL Ad Dollars Online
December 30, 2009, 10:05 amIn what may be a mini ‘bell weather moment’ in advertising, Pepsi has decided to keep its usual Super Bowl advertising money in its bank account. While they are not exactly saving it they are certainly redirecting it to online opportunities. I say this is a potential ‘bell weather’ moment because it ends a streak of 23...
AT&T’s Struggles With Reputation Continue
December 30, 2009, 10:04 amYou don’t have to look very far, especially in the online space, to find a disgruntled AT&T wireless customer. If you would like to increase your likelihood of finding a seething AT&T wireless customer just ask around in New York and San Francisco for iPhone users. This, in and of itself, is not news. As a result though, AT&T...
Nexus One Price, Plan Details Leak
December 30, 2009, 9:45 amA couple of the mysteries surrounding the forthcoming Nexus One/Google phone may have been solved. Information related to the price of the phone and its plan has leaked, and assuming the details are accurate, the device should line up pretty well with the existing marketplace.
Here's the bad news: rumors that Google would offer a cheap or...
Pepsi Decides to Use the NFL a Different Way
December 30, 2009, 9:29 amIn what may be a mini ‘bell weather moment’ in advertising, Pepsi has decided to keep its usual Super Bowl advertising money in its bank account. While they are not exactly saving it they are certainly redirecting it to online opportunities. I say this is a potential ‘bell weather’ moment because it ends a streak of 23 consecutive years...
Facebook Nabs #1 Honors For Site Visits On Christmas Day
December 30, 2009, 9:29 amWhile most of us in the Internet marketing “industry” were all aghast at the Facebook privacy problem of ’09, the rest of the world could have cared less. You know those people, right? The ones who don’t live and breathe this stuff to the point that all perspective is lost? These are the ‘everyday’ Facebook...
Google/AdMob Investigation: The Juicier Bits
December 29, 2009, 3:57 pmConsumer and privacy advocates don't want the Google/AdMob deal to go through. That's not exactly a revelation.
Here's are some details on that, or if you already know about it, skip down to "The Back Story"
Yesterday, Consumer Watchdog and the Center for Digital Democracy announced they'd sent the Federal Trade Commission a letter stating the...
YouTube Embraces Role In Iranian Protests
December 29, 2009, 3:08 pmOnline tools have played important roles in the Iranian protests; right from the start, the appearance of videos on YouTube and trending topics on Twitter helped spread awareness about the disputed presidential election. And YouTube doesn't want anyone to forget that it's still doing its part.
A blog post titled "Ordinary citizens,...
Bing/”Bee-ying” Eyeing China
December 29, 2009, 2:56 pmBing is eyeing the biggest Internet market in the world—China. Still in beta in China, “Bee-ying” was launched back in June without the marketing push and fanfare enjoyed in the US. Reuters emailed questions to Microsoft today, and MSFT responded that they are “committed to the China market and the search market in China is...
Microsoft Dubs China "Most Important Strategic Market"
December 29, 2009, 1:59 pmAs much time and money as Microsoft's devoted to increasing its share of the U.S. search market, it looks like the corporation has another major target in its sights, as well. Microsoft acknowledged this week that it intends to expend a lot of energy on China.
Succeeding in China will be no easy feat (assuming it's even achievable). ...
Facebook Receives News of A Merry Christmas Indeed
December 29, 2009, 1:23 pmWhile most of us in the Internet marketing “industry” were all aghast at the Facebook privacy problem of ’09, the rest of the world could have cared less. You know those people, right? The ones who don’t live and breathe this stuff to the point that all perspective is lost? These are the ‘everyday’ Facebook users who don’t give a rip...
The Twitter Trends of 2009
December 29, 2009, 1:19 pmNow that Twitter employs a Chief Scientist, we will benefit from the ongoing interpretation and publishing of Twitter behavior and activity to better understand how Twitter is constantly evolving.
In a discussion with Robert Scoble recently, I suggested that Twitter also consider hiring a digital anthropologist or sociologist, to not only analyze...
Google Edging into Travel Again
December 29, 2009, 1:16 pmSix months ago, Google launched Google City Tours. A Labs product for Google Maps, City Tours was based around pedestrian sight-seeing, with maps, walking times and sight suggestions.
Now Google is continuing to edge into travel (at least pedestrian travel) with enhancements to City Tours. They’ve added more detailed directions and travel...
Ghost Tweeting: The Real Phantom Menace
December 29, 2009, 1:07 pmOne of the coolest parts about about my job is the fact that I am always up to speed on the latest and coolest stuff in the world of search, social media and things of that nature. Over the course of the past decade, there have been no shortage of things to keep my eye on. That's one of the cool parts of my job. What makes it interesting however...
Facebook's Merry Christmas: Becomes Most Visited US Site
December 29, 2009, 10:51 amAccording to new statistics from Hitwise, a lot of people may not have done the Norman Rockwell thing this holiday season, gathering around a fire with family members. Instead, they may picked computer screens and online friends, helping propel Facebook to a new high.
A 136-character tweet from the Hitwise_US account announced the big news...
Is PPC More Important to a New Site Than SEO?
December 29, 2009, 10:00 amIn a recent article, we looked at a debate over what is better between search engine optimization and pay-per-click. Of course both should be used typically, but on a recent panel at SES Chicago, participants were asked to pick a side to highlight the benefits of each compared to the other. It made for some pretty interesting conversation.
Both...
Online Retail Sites See Holiday Surge
December 29, 2009, 9:58 amOnline retail websites experienced significant growth in November as the holiday season officially kicked off, according to a new report from comScore.
Among the top gaining retail sub-categories were toys, consumer electronics, and department stores, each growing more than 30 percent compared to October. Toys sites attracted 27.4 million...
LinkedIn For iPhone 3.0 Launches
December 29, 2009, 9:48 amProfessionals who both own iPhones and are members of LinkedIn are in for a treat. LinkedIn for iPhone 3.0 has been released, and the new app (which remains free) represents an improvement over the old one in almost every way.
The most obvious change comes in the form of a fresh user interface. Adam Nash, Vice President of Search and...
Google Uses ccTLD Over Server Location for Localizing Search Results
December 29, 2009, 9:28 amGreat insight and one which really makes sense.
As Advertising Evolves Google Talks About Barbie
December 29, 2009, 8:25 amAdvertising is morphing and evolving at a rapid pace. That pace still hasn’t moved the online space too far down its own evolutionary road yet. That is at least according to Nikesh Arora, president of Google’s sales operations. In an interview with the Financial Times he gave some insight into how the online advertising world is shaping up and...
Twitter’s New Year Resolutions: 1 Billion Searches a Day & an IPO?
December 29, 2009, 7:10 amReading Biz Stone’s op-ed in the UK’s Sunday Times newspaper almost had me snoozing. Not that Biz is boring–he’s actually quite fascinating–but the article was just a recap of stuff we already knew. Then I saw these closing statements:
..It can be these things but primarily Twitter serves as a real-time information...
Email Marketing Budgets Set For Increase In 2010
December 29, 2009, 6:00 amNearly half (40%) of email marketers plan on increasing their budgets for the channel in 2010 and 47 percent said their budgets would stay the same, according to a new survey by Silverpop.
In the coming year, more than half (52%) of email marketers said increasing customer loyalty was a top email marketing goal. Overall, 51 percent of respondents...
Hulu Falls Short In Comparison To Blockbusters
December 28, 2009, 5:26 pmIf you massage the stats enough, Hulu's an entertainment giant, hanging neck and neck with this year's most popular movies. If you adopt a more objective perspective, however, it becomes pretty clear that the video-centric site hasn't exactly achieved blockbuster status.
In a report released this afternoon to NewTeeVee, Buzzpoint put Hulu...
Stone Makes "Several Billion Tweets Per Hour" Prediction
December 28, 2009, 4:07 pmTo some degree, it's part of a cofounder's job to act as a corporate cheerleader; a pessimist could hurt his company by scaring people away. Biz Stone appears to have all but literally grabbed a megaphone and shouted "rah, rah," though, as he predicted that Twitter usage will hit monster levels next year.
A 600-word document...
eBay Declares Mobile Success For Holiday Season
December 28, 2009, 3:12 pmIf any of your Christmas presents were a bit odd-looking or seemed like impulse buys, it might be because the gift giver did his or her shopping using a small, accessible screen. eBay reported today that mobile transactions picked up dramatically this holiday season compared to last.
The volume of mobile transactions tripled on a...
11 Top News Articles on ClickZ in 2009
December 28, 2009, 2:13 pmTo stay on top of the latest trends in online marketing means reporting and analyzing an assortment of topics -- from ad networks to social networks. The top 11 news articles published by ClickZ's news team in 2009 offers insight into online marketing's evolution, plus includes a tribute to ClickZ's cofounder Andrew Bourland who died in...
Google Tries To Connect AdWords Users With Experts
December 28, 2009, 2:05 pmCompanies that need a little help with AdWords may now find it easier to receive some thanks to Google. Only the help won't come directly from Google, as the search giant's in fact launched a search engine for Google Advertising Professionals.
It's not necessary to look far for an explanation of this development. On the new Google...
Consumer Groups Lobby FTC to Block GoogleMob
December 28, 2009, 1:50 pmEarly last month, Google announced it was acquiring AdMob for $750M. The deal is still in the works, of course—in part, at least, because the FTC is taking a first and, as of last week, second look at the deal. As the FTC continues to scrutinize the search giant buying the mobile ad giant, consumer groups are taking their opportunity to have...
Is Personalized Search Killing AdSense Publishers?
December 28, 2009, 12:17 pmEarlier this month, Google announced that its Personalized Search results would come to even computers that weren’t signed in to Google accounts. With the opt-out system in place, many users and public computers can’t help but use personalized search by default—and it may be AdSense publishers paying for it.
The logic goes...
11 Most Popular Experts' Columns of 2009 on ClickZ
December 28, 2009, 12:15 pmTwitter, Facebook, and other social networks commanded the attention of ClickZ readers in 2009. A look back at the year's most popular ClickZ Experts' columns shows that readers sought out practical advice on how to develop marketing strategies for social networks and how to measure the effectiveness of those strategies. Here are the top 11...
Consumer Groups Ask FTC To Block Google AdMob Deal
December 28, 2009, 12:04 pmTwo consumer groups Monday asked the Federal Trade Commission to block Google's $750 million deal to acquire mobile advertising firm, AdMob, on anti-trust grounds.
In a joint letter to the FTC, Consumer Watchdog and the Center for Digital Democracy (CDD) said Google is simply buying its way to dominance in the mobile advertising market, reducing...
Mozilla Announces New Firefox Timeline
December 28, 2009, 10:56 amMozilla's next salvos in the browser wars won't come quite as soon as the company previously promised. Firefox 3.6, which was supposed to ship this month, now isn't scheduled to be finished until sometime during the first quarter of 2010, and the release of Firefox 4.0 has been pushed back, as well.
Given how heated the browser rivalry has...
Google Still A Distant Second To Baidu in China
December 28, 2009, 10:03 amWhen the world looks at areas where the pure numbers are pretty staggering it’s the sheer size and potential of the Chinese market. Let’s face it there are a lot of Chinese folks. So it would only be natural that Google would like a piece of that pie. What is not normal though is the fact that Google is second fiddle by a considerable margin...
IBM CEO Dismisses Idea Of All-Powerful Google
December 28, 2009, 10:00 amBelieve it or not, the company that became IBM was founded in 1896, and at the moment, IBM has a market cap of around $172 billion. So it's not going anywhere. And IBM's CEO - who has been with the organization since 1973 - doesn't think Google will become nearly the behemoth some people have predicted.
Sam Palmisano recently...
The 10 Most Popular Marketing Pilgrim Posts of 2009
December 28, 2009, 9:49 amI trust you had a great Christmas!
As our minds dream of how fantastic 2010 will be, it’s time to look back at the hot topics of 2009. Here are Marketing Pilgrim’s top ten most read posts in 2009.
Bing.com; Is it Worth Switching from Google? – A home run for Microsoft? While Bing certainly deserves credit for being the first...
Amazon Sells More Kindle Books Than Real Books On Christmas
December 28, 2009, 9:47 amAmazon.com has announced that for the first time ever, customers purchased more Kindle books than physical books on Christmas Day.
In addition, Amazon said its Kindle reader has become the most gifted item in the company's history. The Kindle Store boasts more than 390,000 electronic books.
"We are grateful to our customers for making...
Search Neutrality?
December 28, 2009, 9:02 amAs expected it looks like this week may be a bit light in the news department. That’s fine. Everyone needs a break from time to time. So as I am looking around this morning I come across an op-ed piece in the New York Times that is written by Adam Raff, a co-founder of Foundem, an Internet technology company.
From what I can gather, Mr. Raff is...
What's Happened in Social Media Over the Year
December 27, 2009, 2:00 pmAs we did last year, we have gone back through our archives and picked out some of the most noteworthy social media items we have covered since 2009 began. Now that 2009 is almost over, it was worth going back and seeing what all has happened.
If you come across missing items, please feel free to share them in the comments.
January
In...
Google Maps Adds New “Report A Problem” Link for Business Listing Spam & Errors
December 27, 2009, 8:17 amGoogle has recently added a “Report A Problem” Link for reporting business Listing spam & errors from within Maps. The link is available via the business listing info bubble where once you select “Edit” you are presented with a “Report A Problem” link that takes you to a short form.
Top Ten WebProNews Videos of 2009
December 27, 2009, 6:00 amIn keeping with the theme of reflecting upon the year 2009, we thought it would be fun to go back through our video archive and find the ones that were the most popular from this year. It turns out, WebProNews readers (or viewers rather) really wanted to watch Matt Cutts videos. He appears on the list several times.
Here are the top ten...
Press Releases Can Have a Long Search Shelf-Life
December 26, 2009, 8:00 amAs a follow up to a recent article we ran on how press releases can be great for search, a representative for PRWeb, a press release distribution company, contacted us with another interesting example. This one looks at the shelf-life press releases can have, with regards to search traffic.
"A small business called Leatherup.com, which...
Top 15 Things You Loved to Talk About in 2009
December 25, 2009, 7:00 amJust as we did at the end of 2008, we have gone back through our entire archive for the year 2009 and picked out the articles that received the most conversation from our readers. As we approach the new year, we thought it would be fun to go back and reflect on some of the things that got people talking in the one that's wrapping up....
Merry Christmas!
December 25, 2009, 1:00 amI’d like to be among the first to wish you a very Merry Christmas.
I’m not sure what Christmas means to you, but here’s what it means to me.
Thanks Linus, I couldn’t have said it any better!
Google Nemesis Responds to Google/AdMob FTC Probe
December 24, 2009, 10:43 amAccording to a post on Google's Public Policy blog yesterday, the firm has been talking with the Federal Trade Commission "over the past few weeks" regarding its acquisition of mobile ad network AdMob. "This week we received what's called a 'second request,' which means that the FTC is asking for more information so that they can continue to...
Tracking Santa Claus for Christmas 2009
December 24, 2009, 3:31 amSanta Claus Update: If you’ve not visited the NORAD Santa Tracker, you should head on over there. Google Maps is providing live tracking of Santa Claus–who’s currently in Ireland:
You can also track Santa via Twitter!
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As we’ve done for many years, it’s time to forget about marketing and focus on the...
Wishing you a very jolly Xmas and see you in 2010
December 24, 2009, 1:28 amWell, that wraps up Ask Kalena for 2009.
It’s been quite a watershed year for us and if you’re a regular subscriber, I want to say a heartfelt thank you to every single one of you for sharing the ride.
I’d also like to thank my loyal guest bloggers Andy, Saurav and Peter, as well as my hard-working Virtual Assistant Sarah for...
MySpace Updates imeem Users on Playlists
December 23, 2009, 4:45 pmUpdate: MySpace has sent an email around to imeem users giving them an update about playlists.
The MySpace Music team is working around the clock to duplicate your imeem playlists and make them available to you on myspacemusic.com as soon as possible. In the coming weeks, we will be emailing you with instructions on how to claim your playlists on...
Yahoo May Shut Down MyBlogLog Soon
December 23, 2009, 4:32 pmUpdate: Yahoo has issued the following statment regarding MyBlogLog's future:
Frankly, it’s no secret within Yahoo! that we’re actively discussing the future of MyBlogLog. However, it’s also true that we have not made any final decisions at this point. Is a shutdown on the table? Sure, that’s an option. But there are...
Google Provides an Update on the AdMob Acquisition
December 23, 2009, 4:30 pmGoogle has issued a statement regarding the company's pending acquisition of AdMob. Google's intent to acquire the company was announced back in early November. The deal was for $750 million in stock.
Since then, the Federal Trade Commission has vowed to closely scrutinize the deal. Google had this to say today:
As we said when we announced the...
The Top 50 Sites in the US (as of November)
December 23, 2009, 3:28 pmCompete puts together a monthly ranking of the top 250 Web sites in the US, based on unique visitors, and breaks up the data by relevant categories and behavioral segments. The firm is sharing the top 50.
"Despite continued concerns surrounding the economic recovery, holiday shoppers flocked to the Web in November," says Compete....
Pepsi to Skip Super Bowl for Social Media
December 23, 2009, 2:30 pmPepsi will reportedly be skipping its annual Super Bowl commercials, and will instead invest the money it would generally spend on those, in social media marketing. This would make the first time in 23 years that Pepsi will not have Super Bowl ads.
Larry D. Woodard, President and CEO of Manhattan ad agency Vigilante writes in an ABC News...
And the Online Shopping Winner Is…
December 23, 2009, 2:03 pmI know you’ve been waiting with bated breath all holiday season to find out which of the made-up online shopping holidays would be the winner—Cyber Monday for the first time ever? Green Monday again? Brown Monday? Purplish-Blue-Like-a-Bruise Monday?
Sadly, none of the above. Nope, it was some no name: Tuesday, December 15. Coming from...
Opera: Facebook Most Popular Mobile Site in Africa
December 23, 2009, 1:30 pmAccording to Opera, Facebook is the most popular site on the mobile web in Africa. In addition, a report from the company shows a 5% jump in global mobile Internet users.
Opera Mini has garnered more than 41.7 million users worldwide showing a 5.3 percent jump compared to the previous month, according to the report. The number of page views in...
Happy Holidays to all from Search Engine Watch, ClickZ and SES
December 23, 2009, 12:58 pmDear friends and colleagues, we'd like to take this opportunity on behalf of everyone at Incisive Media's New York office to wish you the very best during the holidays. And we hope 2010 is going to be productive, profitable and peaceful for you.
The team here is responsible for the day-to-day running of Search Engine Watch, ClickZ and the SES...
Facebook Set to Pass MySpace Revenue Ahead of Schedule
December 23, 2009, 12:43 pmFacebook has drubbed MySpace on almost all fronts—in the media, with users, in growth, in traffic—except ad revenue. But expect that to change next year, according to eMarketer: “It will surpass its former rival, MySpace, in ad revenues in 2010, when marketers worldwide will spend $605 million on Facebook versus $385 million on...
Google Shares Top Retail Searches for the Holiday Season
December 23, 2009, 12:30 pmGoogle has shared the top retail searches for the 2009 holiday season. These results are based on the company's Insights for Search tool.
"Using Google Insights for Search, we can see that the hottest toys over the last seven days include stalwarts like Pikachu and Legos, as well as newcomers, such as the Nerf Marshmellow Shooter and the...
Google/NORAD Santa Tracking About to Begin Again
December 23, 2009, 11:29 amThe North American Aerospace Defense Command, otherwise known as NORAD is tracking Santa Claus's rounds this year, keeping up a tradition that has been going on for 54 years.
Norad has been working with Google for several years by way of Google Maps and Google Earth. Last year, they started using Google Analytics as well. Google is now sharing a...
Average Person Spends 13 Hours a Week Online
December 23, 2009, 10:55 amHarris Interactive has released the findings of its latest poll on Internet users. This doesn't come as much of a shock, but people are spending more time online these days.
According to the poll, adult Internet users are spending an average of 13 hours a week online." Of course, people's usage varies greatly; one in five (20%) of adult...
Celebrity Death and Misfortune May Help Advertisers
December 23, 2009, 10:53 amIt’s hard to believe that 2009 is finally coming to an end. As is always a very popular practice the media likes to take us on a stroll down Memory Lane but make sure we take a brief turn onto Morbid Court. Why? Because it is important to recap what celebrities either died or train-wrecked their lives in the past year. I admit that I read these...
Google Advertises Chrome with Shiny Takeover on Pandora
December 23, 2009, 10:50 amNot convinced by reports Google is spending more money to promote its products? Check out the below ad -- spotted yesterday on Pandora -- for its Chrome browser. The execution includes a skinned homepage, large display unit, and in-stream audio ads. (Click for larger version)
MyBlogLog to Become NoBlogLog?
December 23, 2009, 10:15 amI don’t quite ever remember a social network that I at first so loved, and then ultimately, so hated. Fortunately, the bad taste left in my mouth by MyBlogLog will likely go away at the beginning of the year–according to rumors that Yahoo will shutter the service.
MyBlogLog had so much potential as a network that connected bloggers...
We Are Spending More Time Online According to Harris
December 23, 2009, 10:02 amShocked aren’t ya? It really is two days before Christmas because there is just not much happening. The folks at Harris Interactive are still working though and reporting that we are spending more time online than ever before. This will surprise no one but the report digs into some of the specifics of age groups which is always of interest....
Twitter Takes SMS Tweeting to Australia
December 23, 2009, 9:46 amTwitter has partnered with Telstra to launch Twitter SMS in Australia.
"As always, it is free to receive notifications and standard text messaging rates apply to sending," says Twitter's Kevin Thau. "It's the same pricing as sending and receiving text messages from friends."
To use the feature, users can simply send...
How Press Releases Can Be Great For Search
December 23, 2009, 8:33 amPress releases are not only great ways to spread the word about any announcements your business might have. They can also drive traffic, particularly from search engines. This is not news, but it's a commonly overlooked fact.
Have press releases brought you significant search traffic? Discuss here.
"Search engine rankings are arguably...
Q and A: How do I avoid the supplemental index if I have duplicate content?
December 23, 2009, 12:42 amHi Kalena
If I have two blogs where I effectively have duplicate content, how could I get around that?
The duplicate content could be because the two blogs are for different audiences (read lists) or because sometimes we syndicate other articles. I thought of always placing a permalink to the original article, or should I play with the robots txt...
Yahoo: Advertisers Needn't Worry About Holidays Shutdown
December 22, 2009, 5:50 pmYahoo spokesperson Dana Lengkeek suggested this morning that her company's reported week-long shutdown won't affect advertisers.
"Essential functions will be working, including consumer and B2B customer support," she said. "We aren't providing specific numbers about who is working, but again, essential functions are operating."
When asked,...
Mozilla Exec: Mobile Version Of Firefox Almost Here
December 22, 2009, 5:25 pmThe mobile version of Firefox - also known as Fennec - is almost ready to launch. Indeed, a Mozilla exec was recently quoted as saying that a release could be "days away," so it's possible that the new mobile browser will appear in time for some tech-inclined individuals to play with it on New Year's Eve or even Christmas.
Word of...
Going Home For The Holidays? Google Wants To Tag Along
December 22, 2009, 4:19 pmAs people return home this holiday season, there will be all sorts of hugs and "have you had enough to eat"s. Then they'll be pressed into service, lifting heavy stuff or perhaps climbing ladders. And Google would very much appreciate it if visitors install the company's software, too.
A new post on the Official Google Blog...
Watch: Google Wave Shows Events of 2009
December 22, 2009, 4:10 pmTo say that 2009 has been the year of Google Wave might be a stretch. It was introduced this year, and invites have been sent out to quite a few people now. It has been the subject of a fair amount of discussion, but it hasn't reached the mainstream yet.
That said, 2009 was the year Google Wave was unleashed upon the world in its most primitive...
A Far Out 2010 Scenario: Microsoft Buys AOL
December 22, 2009, 3:45 pmInvestment whiz James Altucher has penned a list of predictions for the new year, published today in the Wall Street Journal. Most of his guesses have to do with the national economic picture (unemployment falls to 8 percent), but buried in the list is one striking forecast about the digital media landscape.
Altucher believes Microsoft is likely...
Microsoft Loses Appeal Over Word Patent
December 22, 2009, 3:32 pmMicrosoft has lost an appeal in a patent case over Microsoft Word. A U.S. court of appeals upheld a jury verdict against the company for infringing on a patent held by Toronto's i4i.
Microsoft lost the case to a tune of $290 million. Reuters reports:
The court also affirmed an injunction that prevents Microsoft from selling versions of...
Google Work at Home Scammer Settling Suit
December 22, 2009, 2:29 pmEarlier this month, Google revealed it was filing suit against Pacific WebWorks (and other yet-to-be-named parties) for infringing on its trademark. Pacific WebWorks was among the companies running a “Google Work from Home” scam, advertising a way to make money off Google, to be learned through an inexpensive kit (and hidden,...
Google's Year in Custom Search
December 22, 2009, 2:00 pmGoogle's Custom Search turned three in 2009, and it had arguably its biggest year to date. The technology is powering "many tens of millions" of queries a day on millions of sites, according to the company.
As many others are doing, Google is reminiscing about the year that is almost over, and reflecting upon some of its...
YouTube Gets (Not Really) Shorter Links
December 22, 2009, 1:57 pmJust a week after Google launched its URL shortener, Goo.gl, it’s premiering another one, this time for YouTube. And because we can’t stand to learn yet another URL shortener name, they’re going with youtu.be. To use the new shortener, you just append the video ID to youtu.be/, so http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKOTClyVrIc become...
Bing Shares More Of 2009's Top Search Terms
December 22, 2009, 1:56 pmYou may recall that a lot of entities -including Google, Yahoo, and Bing - released some top/best of/worst of 2009 lists back in late November and early December, seemingly forgetting about the last one-twelfth of the year. Bing returned today with more data about search trends, however.
As with the list of popular status updates that...
The CMO Club Lets You In On Their Social Media Thinking
December 22, 2009, 1:40 pmIt is often pointed out that the disconnect from those in the social media trenches to those in the C-level corner offices is significant and often damaging to the marketing efforts of many companies. While it can be fun to generalize and then make those at the top of the marketing food chain the culprits in the “Great Social Media...
Sherlock Holmes Uncovers TweetDeck Promo Potential
December 22, 2009, 12:19 pmIn an informal survey it would be interesting to know how many of our readers that made it this far into the post use TweetDeck as their third party Twitter app. I for one do on the desktop and as my mobile Twitter app in an iPod Touch. Alas, the old Blackberry disconnect ends my ability to be a full fledged TweetDecker. Are you a TweetDeck user?...
Drivers Who Text Six Times More Likely To Crash
December 22, 2009, 12:15 pmMotorists who write text messages while driving are six times more likely to crash than those who don't text while driving, according to a new study by University of Utah psychologists.
Researchers Frank Drews and colleagues found evidence that attention patterns differ for drivers who text versus those who talk on a cell phone. For those who...
2010 : A New Age For Search Marketers
December 22, 2009, 11:32 amForget the hype... just the facts.. excellent summary of where we are in search right now and a glimpse into where we need to be headed.
ClickZ Welcomes Chris Heine, Caitie Rossman
December 22, 2009, 11:12 amAt ClickZ, we've ramped up for 2010, adding two journalists to our team.
Chris Heine joins ClickZ as a staff writer on the news team. He will cover online marketing, including social media, online video, and brand advertising. Before ClickZ, Chris was a contributing writer at Brandweek and senior reporter at MarketingSherpa.
Caitie Rossman,...
Chrome Ad Campaign Nets Positive Results
December 22, 2009, 10:50 amEight days ago, we wrote about a Google Chrome advertising campaign that's taking place in the UK. This morning, Hitwise followed up on the subject by publishing some statistics, and the stats indicate that that the campaign's achieved a certain level of success.
Robin Goad wrote, "As the chart below illustrates, UK Internet searches...
Amazon Sued Over Defamatory Google AdWords Ads
December 22, 2009, 9:48 amHere’s a fun Christmas game for you to play.
How many different types of lawsuits can you think of that include Google AdWords? Put your party creative hats on and see what you can come up.
OK, Sellify, you go first!
Sue Amazon over defamatory statements posted in Google AdWords by one of its affiliates?
Wow! That is creative!
And,...
Amazon Offers Free One day Shipping For Kindle Orders On December 23
December 22, 2009, 9:46 amAmazon.com said today it is offering free one day shipping for orders of its Kindle placed on December 23 and promises delivery in time for Christmas.
The company is also offering free two day shipping for Kindle orders placed today. Last week Amazon said its Kindle broke another record with its best sales day. The company did not provide any...
Yahoo Announces Weeklong Shutdown
December 22, 2009, 9:39 amThis might or might not be an obvious point, but by unplugging their computers, shutting the lights off, and turning the heat down, people who leave their homes this holiday season stand to save a significant amount of money. And now Yahoo should, too, as it's announced a decision to close corporate offices worldwide for one week.
Except...
YouTube Now Has a URL Shortener
December 22, 2009, 9:23 amYouTube has launched its own URL shortener, but it is not like other URL-shorteners, because it can only be used specifically with YouTube videos. This way, YouTube says, when you click on one, you know you're going to a YouTube video no matter what. That should certainly cut down on the likelihood that you could be going to a malicious site....
Yahoo’s Employees Home for the Holidays
December 22, 2009, 9:23 am
Would the last person to leave Yahoo, please turn off all the lights?
You may think I’m mocking the gradual decline of the tech company, but I’m not. Not this time.
Apparently, in a measure of frugality, Yahoo is sending home all but its most essential employees for the Christmas break. According to AP:
It’s the first time that...
Interactive Marketing To See Large Growth In 2010
December 22, 2009, 8:30 amForrester recently released a new report tracking the future of US interactive marketing through 2014. Authored by Shar VanBoskirk, with Christine Spivey Overby, Niki Scevak, and Angie Polanco, Forrester predicts that interactive marketing is poised to grow at a 16% compound annual growth rate (CAGR).
Even though interactive marketing will...
Starting Up the Social Media Marketing Prediction Engine
December 21, 2009, 5:31 pmWell, since everybody rolled out the trends of 2009 at the beginning of December, there’s really nothing left to do this year but make predictions for next year, right? Forrester is going to kick us off with predictions for marketing in social media.
Naturally, they see major growth coming in the SMM arena (which they call “social...
Facebook Publishes 2009's Top Status Trends
December 21, 2009, 5:24 pmFacebook users are a pretty important group of people; after all, in recent months, it's been established that there are more of them than there are individuals in the United States. So to wrap up 2009, Facebook's provided a list that helps spell out what its users have been thinking about all year.
You can view the list of top status...
Google Earmarks $20M For Charities As Holiday Gift To Everyone
December 21, 2009, 4:11 pmSome time ago, Google established a tradition of sending top AdSense and AdWords users holiday gifts. This year, it's departing from that routine. But people are going to have a hard time complaining about the decision, because instead, Google's committed $20 million to a group of charities.
AdSense and AdWords partners received...
Facebook Skips Holiday Party, Gives to Charity Instead
December 21, 2009, 4:06 pmInstead of hosting a holiday party this year, Facebook has contacted friends and press offering to make a $25 charitable donation in their name.
In an e-mail signed by the Facebook Communications and Policy Team, the company directs recipients to DonorsChoose.org, where they can choose from a long list of classroom projects to fund. The e-mail...
Ford Turning Cars Into Mobile Wi-Fi Hotspots
December 21, 2009, 2:38 pmNext year, Ford will be introducing it's new version of SYNC, a technology it partnered with Microsoft on. This technology will allow you to have constant Wi-Fi in your car.
All an owner of a SYNC-ready car would have to do is plug in a compatible USB mobile broadband modem (or air card), and they will create a secure wireless connection that...
Google Arranges To Expand In Pittsburgh
December 21, 2009, 2:08 pmOver the years, more than a few people have compared the Googleplex to Willy Wonka's chocolate factory. Now, fact and fantasy will come even closer to merging in Pittsburgh, as Google's decided to lease 40,000 square feet at the former site of a Nabisco plant.
For better or for worse, this development doesn't signal Google's entry into the...
Hulu Captions Search a Preview of General Video Search to Come?
December 21, 2009, 1:28 pmHulu has a new captions search feature available via Hulu Labs. The feature allows Hulu users to search the captions of videos across hundreds of different shows. Show and video pages now have a "Captions" tab, and search can be found there.
"Recently I watched an episode of House, and they made a funny joke about the resemblance...
Duplicate Content Owners Catch a New Break from Google
December 21, 2009, 1:01 pmGoogle announced that it now offering cross-domain support of the rel="canonical" link element. If you are unfamiliar with this link element, Google's Matt Cutts discussed it with us here. Basically, it's a way to avoid duplicate content issues, but until now, you couldn't use it across domains.
"For some sites, there are...
Google to Acquire DocVerse
December 21, 2009, 12:03 pmAccording to TechCrunch sources, Google is nearing the final stages of an agreement to acquire DocVerse, real-time Microsoft Office collaboration software company founded in 2007. Sources say the purchase price is $25M.
The acquisition seems to make sense as Google and Microsoft square off for battle. The DocVerse website bears the title tag...
Why I'm Tired of Hearing About Sexism in Social Media
December 21, 2009, 10:23 amGood post sharing a story on a freelancer James Chartrand of Men With Pens announced that he is actually a she.
Where's my Ad!? Troubleshooting Campaigns in adCenter
December 21, 2009, 5:47 amLast guest post of the year from Dixon Jones at Receptional. Gives some quick, top tips on how to ensure you're all set up correctly for traffic to start flowing from Microsoft adCenter!
December Search Light Newsletter: the *don’t mention the “C” word* edition
December 21, 2009, 5:35 amOur final issue of The Search Light is out. Yes it’s December but I don’t think we didn’t mentioned Christmas once.
I think that’s got to be some kind of record for corporate newsletters right? We thought you might be sick of hearing about it and spared you the agony of flashing Xmas lights and animated jolly fat men in red...
Q and A : When will my site show up in Google ?
December 18, 2009, 6:49 pm
Hi Kalena
I just created a site for world of warcraft hunter talent builds. It is a blog site, and I checked in cPanel, and googlebot has visited. But I am not indexed. I tried ’site:www.domainnameprovided.com’ in the google search box, but it can’t find me.
Is there an average time gap between googlebot crawling and your site...
Giving SEO The Credit It Deserves
December 18, 2009, 4:21 pmFrom the blog: Don’t compare us to lawyers, don’t try to tell us we are selling snake oil, and especially – I mean especially, don’t try to tell us our industry is dead (have you heard of Google?). We have heard it all before, and to be quite honest, we are getting bored of it. Seriously figure out something else to talk about in 2010....
Yes, Most Facebook Users Are White
December 18, 2009, 3:56 pmFacebook has published data on its member demographics, focusing on ethnicity (by way of WSJ's Digits blog). By comparing members' surnames to U.S. Census Bureau data, the company estimated its ethnic breakdown, determining, "that while Facebook has always been diverse, this diversity has increased over time leading to a population that today...
Let’s Try to Find All 200 Parameters in Google Algorithm
December 18, 2009, 11:32 amParameters we are almost sure (with different level of confidence) to be included in the algorithm (for your convenience I linked some of them to our previous discussions on the topic)
Thoughts on the Google-Yelp Deal By David Mihm
December 18, 2009, 10:17 amDavid Mihm knows local, and he has a few thoughts on how this deal may affect the landscape of local search as we now see it.
Q and A: Is there a Google method to find the ranking and traffic of a specific search term?
December 18, 2009, 12:17 amDear Kalena…
Is there a Google method to find the ranking of a specific search term? For example if I’m tweaking my site as I sell thermo seals, I’d be interested to see if more people search for ‘thermo seals’ or ‘winter window leaks’ or ’stop window drafts’ etc. etc.
If I see that one term...
SF Chronicle Sends Holiday Retail E-mail, Skips Content Entirely
December 17, 2009, 3:03 pmSFGate, the online arm of the San Francisco Chronicle, sent out an e-mail last night that struck me as intriguing. The message was dedicated to the site's "Fan Shop," while featuring merchandise for San Francisco 49er and Oakland Raider fans.
And nary a news story appeared. No content at all. Just merch.
The message uses the subject line:...
Using the Long Tail of Search to Attract Leads
December 17, 2009, 11:46 amFrom the post: To demonstrate the power of long tail search, this blog post today is going to give you a glimpse into how long tail search has helped us attract not only visitors to our website, but has also generated leads for us. As I go through this example, think about how this abstract information can be directly applied to your business....
Creating a text link diversity dashboard
December 17, 2009, 10:29 amKen Lyons (from WordStream) dropped in to guest post on the Trail this week. He is highlighting their new tools and how it can be used to create a system to manage link text diversity. Pretty cool actually.... Give it a read!
Linkable Asset Inventory: A Starting Point For New Link Building Campaigns
December 17, 2009, 9:50 amBy creating an inventory of link building assets, you lay the foundation for a sustainable link building campaign. A linkable asset is a person, web page or other resource capable of inciting a person or organization to create a link. We’ve identified two broad types of assets: the “tangible” link building assets on your website, and the...
Ignore Robert Scoble, SEO Still Matters For SMBs
December 16, 2009, 4:21 pmLisa Barone gives an excellent rebuttal to advice given by Robert Scoble to small businesses to ignore SEO.
Do You Have “Linkable Content”?
December 16, 2009, 3:53 pmYou know the great thing about Antiques Roadshow? Aside from finding out that grandma’s ugly ceramic cat collection can actually bankroll a Caribbean cruise. It’s the idea that maybe; just maybe somewhere in our lives there are things that, with a little bit of lemon pledge and a new coat of paint, could actually become highly valuable.
6 Website Redesign SEO Secrets Your Developer May Not Know
December 16, 2009, 1:08 pmThe reason you need to keep SEO front and center during this time is twofold: so that you do not lose your previous traffic, but also so that you can gain additional targeted search engine visitors when the new site goes live. Here are 6 SEO redesign secrets your developer may not know...ignore them at your own peril!
Do-It-Yourself Reputation Management
December 16, 2009, 12:57 pmWhether you’re ready to embrace it or not, social media is changing the way we communicate and make decisions. Today’s technology has impacted our daily lives and routines in a big way. If you don’t wake up to Facebook, you probably know someone who does. And good luck trying to escape the world of Twitter – it’s even invaded the nightly...
MMA Purchases Brazilian Mobile Organization
December 16, 2009, 12:56 pmThe Mobile Marketing Association announced this morning that it was purchasing the Brazilian organization, AMMB (Associacao de Mobile Marketing do Brasil). According to an MMA spokesperson, the measure lifts its total membership from around 700 to 750.
Some of the notable AMMB members engulfed by the acquisition include the mobile agency...
8 Predictions for SEO in 2010
December 16, 2009, 4:56 amRand Fishkin tackles some of the recent trends we've been observing from the engines and talk about his personal perception of what's to come over the next 12 months.
Why Conversions Can Be a Messy SEO Metric
December 15, 2009, 12:57 pmDespite efforts by many to roll SEO and conversion optimization into a single skill set, they're actually very different specialties. An important reality check from David Harry on the differences between the two.
50 Corporate Blog Topics
December 15, 2009, 12:40 pmAdding a company blog is a great idea for many different reasons: internal links, as a communication channel for your company, to show your creativity, create yourself as an authority in your industry, and for brand awareness.
Twitter Tests Premium Business Features
December 15, 2009, 12:22 pmFollowing Biz Stone's recent confirmation that Twitter would indeed be launching premium account features for businesses "by the end of the year," the company has given further indication of what exactly those features might look like.
Writing on the company's blog yesterday, Anamitra Banerji, a product developer at Twitter, introduced a beta...
7 Tools To Optimize The Speed of Your Website
December 15, 2009, 10:39 amGoogle recently announced that it’s algorithm will factor in page load speed in addition to the other 200 or so ranking factors currently employed. This move, broadly welcomed by web developers and users, means it is now more important than ever to optimize the speed of your websites. Speed optimisation will not only keep Google happy, it will...
My Link Baiting Idea Generation Process
December 14, 2009, 3:01 pmBefore you even start thinking about link baiting, you should have some goals prepared. If the goals seem to be within reach, you’ll have to decide what kind of link building strategy would probably be the most effective in your situation. And if it turns out that link baiting is the appropriate weapon of choice, you usually have three options.
The 12 Days of Christmas: Website Disaster Style
December 14, 2009, 12:09 pmChristmas comes just once a year, but terrible websites can be found all-year long! When it comes to SEO-friendly web design, here are a few practices that will have you asking Santa Claus for a new webmaster this Christmas.
The Local Search Engine Optimization Cheat List
December 14, 2009, 11:55 amAnn Smarty with another essential list on Search Engine Journal for Local Search.
White Coat SEO resolutions for 2010
December 14, 2009, 10:47 amWell, I started off the new year lamenting the general lack of understanding of IR in the greater SEO community. So, hey... why not end it that way? If you're in the SEO game; start off the new year by geekin out! M'kay? Thanks... Carry on.
The SEOHosting Top 100 Internet Marketing Posts of 2009
December 14, 2009, 7:12 amAlthough there is still a little bit of time before 2009 is officially over, since many of you are going to be spending a lot of time traveling and attempting to hide from you in-laws over the next couple of weeks, I thought it would be useful to provide this great reading material now.
Can SEO Exist Beyond Google Personalization?
December 14, 2009, 6:26 amSpeculation in the search industry is rife this week with claims that Google Search Personalization has changed the SEO playing field. But has it really? Or are people freaking out for no good reason? To find out, we’ll look at how it impacts SEO in the negative and positive. But first, let’s have a quick refresher on how Personalized Search...
SES New York 2010 Registration Now Open
December 11, 2009, 11:57 amSearch Engine Strategies (SES) NY Accepting Proposals for Search Engine Marketing Sessions and PresentationsNew York, NY (PRWEB) December 11,
2009 -- On the heels of record breaking attendance at Search Engine
Strategies (SES) Chicago, SES announced today that registration is now
open for SES New York
to be held March 22-26, 2010 at the Hilton New...
The Psychology Behind Link Giving
December 11, 2009, 10:35 amDave Snyder writes: The citation method of ranking indexed content is flawed. It is based on human aid, and any technology based on the work of humans is always going to have flaws. Links are the product of what elicits an emotion from website owners, and the link builder that can tap these emotions is going to be able to manipulate the most...
Real Time Search Has Arrived!
December 11, 2009, 6:34 amGoogle drastically changed the way we search the web this week with two major changes to their Search Engine Results Pages (SERPs).
The first big change was the rollout of personalization to all Google users, whether they are logged in to Google or not. [Editor note: I've written a longer article about Personalized Search if you're...
12 Best Free Online Resources for Learning SEO
December 10, 2009, 8:26 amMake sure to bookmark and read each of these - really good selection by a knowledgeable SEO pro.
SES Chicago, day 3 blog coverage
December 9, 2009, 6:38 pmStrategic Search SES CHICAGO - Interview Phil Mui, Google AnalyticsStrategic Search SES Chicago summaryBruce Clay SES Chicago Morning Keynote by Dan SirokeraimClear You Can't Make Money From AnalyticsReelSEO The New MultiMedia Search Age Has Arrived - SES ChicagoSearch Engine Roundtable SES Chicago '09 Live...
Cheap SEO For £75/£150 Per Month Is Way Too Expensive
December 9, 2009, 7:59 amI appreciate it’s a recession, and small businesses haven’t got cash to spend, but there’s a problem here:
You'll get what you've paid for: probably a search engine death penalty.
If you took out an ad in a local paper for £75 you would get no 2 lines of text on a page that most people won’t read. You will not get into a national...
Well Done Search Engine College Graduates
December 8, 2009, 9:49 pmOn behalf of staff and tutors at Search Engine College, I’d like to offer congratulations to our most recent graduates.
All students named below have successfully completed a course at Search Engine College and attained official certification status (requiring a passing grade of 70 percent or higher.)
Search Engine Optimization 101
Travis...
SES Chicago 2009, day 2 coverage
December 8, 2009, 6:14 pmBruce Clay Morning Keynote by Peter Morville -- SES Chicago 2009PPC-Advice SES Chicago Day 1 Recap: Strong focus on data, ROI and LTVOrganic Online Marketing Tips and News for Small Business SES Chicago December 2009 Day 1Search Engine Land SES Chicago '09: Day One Live BloggingDev Basu Search Marketing Insights by...
Are You Listening To Your Marketing Customers
December 8, 2009, 8:30 amAs marketers, we spend a lot of time thinking about our message, as well we should. Our job is to tell prospective customers how we can help them, so we focus on what we say. The Internet has turned the tables on marketers, however. Time was that marketing messages were conceived by extremely creative people to get attention for products, but now,...
SES Chicago 2009 day 1 blog coverage
December 7, 2009, 6:20 pmMarketing Shindig SES Chicago 2009 Jeff Jarvis Keynote Recap Day 1Marketing Shindig SES Chicago 2009 Day 1 - Search Analytics and Search: Where to Next?aimClear You Should Be at SES & What to Do if You're NotOnline Marketing blog SES Chicago - Search: Where to Next?Search Engine Roundtable How to Turn Your Web...
Search Engine Strategies (SES) Adds Four New Members to Advisory Board of Leading Conference and Expo Series
December 7, 2009, 5:11 pmMikel Chertudi of Omniture, an Adobe company; Bill Hunt of Back
Azimuth Consulting; Erica Schmidt of iProspect; and Crispin Sheridan of
SAP Marketing join boardChicago, IL (PRWEB) December 7, 2009 -- Search Engine Strategies
(SES) Chicago, the world's leading and most established search engine
marketing (SEM) conference and expo series, today...
Google Home Page Turns Minimalist
December 7, 2009, 5:07 amVisited Google.com lately? If so, you might have spotted something a little different about Big G’s home page.
Remember back in September when I blogged about Google increasing the size of the search box? Well it turns out that Google have been experimenting quite a bit with the layout and design of their home page, playing around with...
Fooling People with Marketing Tactics is Hazardous To Business
December 1, 2009, 8:30 amSalesmanship has always been a little bit about hype. Putting a shine on what you’ve got. Painting it in the best possible light. You get the idea. But when it crosses a line, it becomes fooling your customers. Not only is it unethical, but it doesn’t really work very well anymore. The Internet makes it a lot harder to do than it once...















